Eyes on the sky, stargazers! Manitobans have a chance to see a bright comet in our evening skies this week. In this video with Planetarium Astronomer Scott Young, find out how to spot Comet Tsuchinshen-ATLAS yourself!
Learn more in his blog, here.
By the time you read this, Earth will have not just one but two comets visiting our corner of the solar system. These objects remind us that our planet is part of a solar system that is dynamic and still has new objects awaiting discovery. With luck, both of these objects will be visible to the average person with the unaided eye.
Comets are small, icy bodies in our solar system which are left over from the formation of the solar system, kept “fresh” in the deep freeze of deep space. Occasionally, collisions or the gravity of an outer planet will push one in towards the Sun on a long, looping oval path. Closer to the Sun, the ice melts and releases a long tail of dust that can be seen from Earth. At any given time, there are a half-dozen or more comets in the sky, but most are invisible without a powerful telescope.
Image: Bright comets have been seen throughout recorded history, and have often been seen as evil omens. Comet Halley was visible in 1066 and was immortalized in the Bayeux tapestry.
Comet 2023 A3 (Tsuchinshen-ATLAS) was discovered last year and has put on an amazing show in the southern hemisphere in late September and early October. When it becomes visible from Canada in mid-October it should be an interesting sight for Manitobans throughout the fall. Meanwhile, a second comet called 2024 S1 (ATLAS) was recently discovered that may pass very close to the Sun at the end of October, perhaps becoming very bright… or disintegrating in the Sun’s heat.
The Orbit of Comet Tsuchinshen-ATLAS dives down from above the solar system (on the left of the image), passes close to the Sun, and then heads back up between Earth and Sun. Manitobans will see it as it passes above the Sun this month. © NASA SSD
The Sky isn’t just starry wallpaper and Supermoons – there is a lot going on up there. You can find out how to see the planets and other celestial events by following the Manitoba Museum’s Astronomy blog at ManitobaMuseum.ca/Stories or taking in one of our exciting planetarium shows.
The stars belong to everyone, so join along as we explore the beauty and wonder of our universe.
Image: A sungrazing comet like Comet 2024 S1 (ATLAS) can put on an amazing show if it survives its passage around the Sun. This image shows sungrazing Comet McNaught, also known as “the Great Comet of 2007”.
Sometimes when Dr. Diana Bizecki Robson goes out in the field to research the wild plants growing throughout Manitoba, she encounters species that she can’t identify without equipment in the lab.
In this video, find out how she transports these specimens back to the Museum and what work goes into identifying them and adding them to the collection!
See some of the Museum’s herbarium collection in our online exhibit at PrairiePollination.ca.
UPDATED 2024 Oct 10 0915 CDT
Manitobans will have a chance to catch a comet this October (2024). Comet C/2023 A3, a.k.a. Comet Tsuchinshen-ATLAS, will be visible in our evening sky beginning about October 11. This article will describe how to see the comet yourself and provide a day-by-day description of its period of best visibility.
Based on its behaviour up until October 10, I am tempering my expectations for this comet a bit. It’s still going to be a great sight, but it won’t be as bright as some have been predicting. The comet will likely need binoculars or a camera to spot it while it’s in the bright twilight over the week of Oct 11-16.
However, the comet’s tail is longer than expected, stretching nearly 45 degrees across the sky – that is about the distance from the horizon to halfway overhead. So even though the comet’s head sets soon after the sun, its tail might be visible sticking up above the horizon much later, when the sky has gotten darker. You’ll still want dark skies free of city lights, and binoculars or a camera, to get the best view.
(Note: While written for Manitoba, this article works for anyone in southern Canada, or at roughly the same latitude of 40-50 degrees North anywhere in the world. So, much of Europe and Asia will have similar views.)
(Second note: Comets are notoriously unpredictable. They can undergo outbursts that make them brighten 100x in an hour; they can also fragment or fizzle out without any obvious explanation. This article presents the best predictions available at the time of writing, and will be updated as conditions change.)
(Third note: While another potentially bright comet, Comet C/2024 S1 (ATLAS), was discovered recently, this comet will likely not be visible from Manitoba.)
In September and early October 2024, Comet 2023 A3 was visible from more southerly locations, with the best views coming from the southern hemisphere. This is due to the angle of the comet’s orbit to the plane of the solar system – it came in from the north when still faint, dove down to the southern reaches as it rounded the Sun in late September, and will now be rocketing northward again. The comet passes almost between the Earth and Sun on October 9, and after that will begin to appear in the evening sky.
There are two factors which influence the comets visibility in October: how far away from the Sun it is, and how far away from the Earth it is. In general, the comet is intrinsically brightest when it is closest to the Sun and closest to the Earth, but that doesn’t mean we can see it. When the comet it “brightest”, it will also be so close to the Sun from our point of view that it will be invisible. We have to wait until the comet moves farther from the Sun in our sky so we have a chance to seeing it in a semi-dark sky.
Baring some unusually outburst from the comet, Manitobans will probably get our first view of Comet Tsuchinshen-ATLAS right after sunset on the evening of October 11th. You’ll need a very flat western horizon, with as few buildings or trees in the way as possible; a flat prairie or even the ocean-like horizon of Lake Winnipeg will be perfect. You’ll also want to be away from any local light pollution – outside the city, and away from any streetlights or houselights that will interfere with your view.
Sunset is a few minutes before 6:30 p.m. local time, and as soon as the Sun is fully below the horizon, start scanning the sky along the horizon with your binoculars. Once they sky darkens a bit, you’ll spot Venus, a useful signpost to the comet for the rest of the week. The comet may become visible as a small fuzzy round spot in the bright twilight sky around 7:15 p.m., but the comet is setting so that as the sky darkens, the comet sinks into the murky air near the horizon. Just spotting it tonight will be an accomplishment and a harbinger of things to come.
Don’t give up once the comet official “sets” about 8 p.m. local time – that time is for the comet’s “head”. The tail is extending roughly straight up from the horizon and may become visible as the sky darkens. The geometry of the comet relative to the Earth and Sun changes daily this week, so it’s hard to say how long the tail will be or whether it is bright enough to see on its own – stayed tuned!
In just a day, the comet has moved higher in our sky. From this point, things just get better in terms of the comet’s elevation, giving us more time to spot the comet before it sets. You’ll be able to see it longer after sunset, which means it will be visible in a darker sky. Darker skies will be required for spotting the comet’s tail visually, but a camera might pull some of the faint tail out of the twilight (see “imaging the Comet” below).
On October 12th, the comet will be higher in the sky than Venus, but you’ll still want a clear western horizon.
The comet is more than a binocular field above the horizon tonight, so you’ll have to sweep around a bit to spot it. The comet should still be bright, and you might even see it without binoculars. The image shows the view at 7:30 p.m. local time, but you can afford to wait even later to see if the view improves as the sky darkens. The comet’s tail actually stretches well off the top of the map, and so even after the “head” of the comet has set, the tail may become visible as the sky darkens. Don’t go home too early!
From tonight on, we see how the competing factors of the comet’s elevation above our horizon versus its increasing distance will play out. The comet is actually fading as it moves farther away from us and as the tail appears foreshortened (it’s pointing generally towards the earth, which should make it appear shorter but brighter). Improving the situation is the comet’s greater altitude above the horizon, and the chance to see it in a darker sky after sunset.
It’s still worth getting out early to see how early you can spot the comet, but the best views might come slightly later each night, perhaps as late as 8:00 p.m. local instead of 7:30 p.m. There will be a period of best visibility each night that will probably last for 15 minutes or so as the various factors of sky brightness, altitude, and sky conditions align, but forecasting exactly when that will occur is impossible. The more time you are out observing the comet, the more likely you will get a memorable view.
Comet Tsuchinshen-ATLAS will be visible above the western horizon at sunset until at least December, but at some point it will fade enough that you will need a telescope to see it. It will probably remain visible in binoculars until late October, but the changing angles will mean the tail fades quickly after this date. The comet will be more of a round puffball than the typical “comet with a tail” shape, but may still be fascinating to view. Remember, that puffball has likely never been this close to Earth before and may not return to our vicinity for tens of thousands of years, if ever, so this literally is a once-in-a-lifetime event.
As always, imaging will show more of the comet’s tail than is visible to the eyes, so you might see impressive images flooding your social media feed for days or weeks to come. Just remember, electronic cameras, even those in a typical cellphone, can show much fainter objects than our eyes can see. But there is something magical about viewing the actual light from an object, individual particles of light than have travelled millions of kilometers to end up inside your eyeball and stimulating your brain to see them.
If you manage to record images of Comet Tsuchinshen-ATLAS, we’d love to see them! Email them to space@manitobamuseum.ca. We’ll show the best ones on Dome@Home, our award-winning online astronomy show, which runs the last Thursday of every month on the Manitoba Museum’s Facebook page and YouTube channel.
October is a great month for stargazing. Aside from the cooler temperatures and earlier sunsets, we have at least one reasonably-bright comet expected, and quite possibly two. The planets rise early enough to see before midnight, and the most distant object visible to the unaided eye comes into view.
This is the comet you’ve been hearing about on social media lately. It’s been limited to southern viewers so far, but now that it has rounded the Sun it will be moving into the northern skies quickly.
There is a full article on this comet, with day-by-day details, in preparation, but the short version is most Canadians won’t be able to spot it until after October 10 or so. It is not quite as bright as forecast, and so it won’t become visible in broad daylight or even in the very bright twilight sky. It will become visible in the evening sky after sun is it rockets between Sun and Erath, rapidly moving higher in the evening as it moves farther away.
This comet was discovered on September 27, and is so new that it doesn’t have a formal name yet – “A11bP7I” is a temporary designation. This comet is a rare kind of comet called a sun-grazer, which gets very close to the Sun and therefore can get very bright. Initial forecasts sound like this one could be even brighter than Comet Tsuchinshen-ATLAS, but we’ll have to wait and see. It will be at its best (whatever taht menas) around the end of october. More informations as it becomes available.
Mercury remains too low to see in the evening sky this month.
Venus is very low in the southwest in the evening sky this month, and remains very low throughout October. It is quite far from the sun, but the angle of the solar system is very close to the angle of Manitoba’s horizon in the fall, keeping the planet low. it is very bright, though, likely the first star you see in the evening if your southwestern horizon is clear.
Mars rises in the northeast before midnight, in the middle of the constellation Gemini the Twins. Mars is slowly approaching our planet and will be at its best this orbit in January 2025.
Jupiter Rises in the northeast about 10pm at the beginning of October, betweemn the horns of taurus the Bull. The largest planet stands high in the south at dawn, offering clear telescopic views. Its four largest moons are visible in binoculars as tiny “stars” in a line on either side of the planet; their positions change nightly as they orbit the giant planet.
Saturn is low in the southwest at sunset, and is visible all night. It rises only about 30 degrees up in the south at its best, though, so telescope views are still blurred by the Earth’s atmosphere. The rings are nearly edge-on, but visible in a telescope with more than about 30x magnification./
Click on highlighted dates for a star chart showing the view!
Oct. 2 : New Moon
Oct. 5 (evening): The thin crescent Moon will be below Venus in the evening sky after sunset (likely invisible except with binoculars and very clear skies).
Oct. 6 (evening): The thin crescent Moon will be to the left of Venus in the evening sky after sunset.
Oct. 7 (evening): The thin crescent Moon will be just to the to the left of the bright star Antares in the evening sky after sunset. Venus stands farther to the right. 
Oct. 9 (evening): Comet Tsuchinshen-ATLAS passes between Earth and Sun, passing just above the Sun from our point of view. The comet will likely be at its brightest today, but not visible because of its closeness to the Sun.
Oct. 10 (evening): First Quarter Moon. Also the beginning of likely period of visibility for Comet Tsuchinshen-ATLAS. See day-by-day coverage posts .
Oct. 13 (evening): Saturn will be the brightest “star”, far to the left of the waxing gibbous Moon tonight.
Oct. 14 (evening): Saturn will be the brightest “star” to the right of the waxing gibbous Moon tonight.
Also tonight, Comet Tsuchinshen-ATLAS passes another, much fainter, comet: Comet 13P/Olbers. Olbers is a periodic comet that has been visible in mid-sized telescopes for a while, and the two aren’t physically close4 to each other, but just in our line of sight from Earth.
Oct. 15 (evening): Comet Tsuchinshen-ATLAS passes near the globular cluster M5, a “faint fuzzy” visible in binoculars. Images of the comet on this night will probably also catch the globular cluster, which is a group of several hundred thousand stars which are among the oldest stars visible.
Oct. 17: Full Moon, the Harvest Moon.
Oct. 19 (all night): The waning gibbous Moon sits between the Pleiades and Hyades star clusters tonight, with bright Jupiter nearby to the lower left.
Oct. 20 (all night): The waning gibbous Moon is above Jupiter tonight as the two rise in the northeast about 9 p.m. local time.
Oct. 23 (morning): The nearly last quarter Moon is near a trio of bright stars. From top to bottom they are Castor and Pollux, in the constellation Gemini, and the red planet Mars.
Oct. 24 (morning): A similar view to yesterday morning’s sky, but with the Moon having moved through the trio to sit on the lower left of the scene.
Oct. 24 : Last Quarter Moon.
Oct. 28: The new comet A11bP7I makes its closest approach to the Sun. More updates as they become available.
Oct. 31 (evening): Hallowe’en, a great night to have your telescopes or binoculars out to show trick-or-treaters the sky.
Did you know these fun facts about beavers? In this video, join Learning & Engagement Producer Erin in the Boreal Forest Gallery to learn some of the amazing adaptations that help beavers thrive.
Dr. Joe Moysiuk spent some time in the field this summer looking for fossils. Join us in this video for an “unboxing” of one of the fabulous specimens that he found!
Learn more about Palaeontology research being done at the Museum, here.
Manitoba’s native prairies are endangered because most of them have been cultivated for annual crop production. As a result, some of the rarest species of plants in the province are found in the prairies. The Manitoba Museum helps to document where the rarest plants grow by conducting careful surveys of the prairies that remain. Some of the rare plants are tiny and can only be seen by pawing through the thick grasses. This summer, I was able to visit two areas in the southwest to examine the native vegetation there: Sioux Valley Dakota Nation and the Nature Conservancy of Manitoba’s Jackson Pipestone Prairie and Wetlands.
Fig. 1. Dr. Robson conducted surveys along the Assiniboine River Valley at Sioux Valley Dakota Nation.
Fig. 2. The rare Lacy Tansy-aster (Xanthisma spinulosa) has distinctive grey-green foliage with tiny spines on the leaf edges.
At Sioux Valley, I was able to tour several areas with intact prairie and wetlands with Kevin Tacan and Jennifer McIvor. During the field work, we found several rare plant “hotspots”, that contained multiple species of provincially rare plants. In total, 25 rare plant species were encountered, with one hotspot containing a whopping 12 species within a very small area. Although the plant species encountered are rare in Manitoba, they are more common in Saskatchewan and Alberta, and none of them were legally protected.
The Jackson Pipestone site is a new Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC) preserve with both intact prairie and wetlands. Although the site was purchased to help protect the rare birds that nest there, including the Burrowing Owl, I discovered several rare plants growing on the prairie as well.
Fig. 3. One of the rare plants found this year was Yellow Buckwheat (Eriogonum flavum) a species that grows on dry, upper valley slopes.
Fig. 4. Grassy bank and creek vegetation at the Jackson Pipestone Prairie and Wetlands preserve.
The upper banks of the creek that runs through the site contained several of the same rare plants located at Sioux Valley, including Yellow Buckwheat and Broom Snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae). However, there were also two unique plants that were found at the preserve: Rocky Mountain Beeplant (Cleome serrulata) and Whorled Milkwort (Polygala verticillata). Both of these species are a bit unusual as they are among the few native annual plant species in the province. It is believed that rare annuals on the prairies were adapted to the disturbances created by wildfires, or the grazing and wallowing activities of Bison and other large herbivores.
Rocky Mountain Beeplant has beautiful spikes of pink flowers that are attractive to a wide variety of pollinators. It is quite a tall plant (hip level), and therefore, not easy to miss. In contrast, I almost missed seeing the nationally rare Whorled Milkwort due to its small stature. It is a short plant, about 10 cm tall, that was completely covered up by the tall grasses at the site. I discovered it only because I got down on my knees to search for some rare plants that form mats on the ground. Whorled Milkwort has tiny spikes of whitish-pink flowers, and narrow leaves arranged in whorls of four. It is a close relative of the more common perennial plant, Seneca Snakeroot (Polygala senega).
Fig. 5. Broom Snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) was found at both prairie sites visited in 2024.
Fig. 6. A small population of the rare Rocky Mountain Beeplant (Cleome serrulata) was found at the Jackson Pipestone Prairie and Wetlands.
Fig. 7. The nationally rare Whorled Milkwort (Polygala verticillata) is hard to find amongst the dense prairie grasses, due to its small size.
One of the goals of my research this summer was to provide the landowners at both of these sites with a better understanding of the plant diversity that is present, to aid in species conservation. It’s hard to protect species when you don’t even know they are there!
By Tabitha Harper, Museum Advisor on Indigenous Relations and Reconciliation, & Amelia Fay, Curator of Anthropology and HBC Museum Collections
As we approach the annual National Day for Truth & Reconciliation and Orange Shirt Day, folks maybe be curious about their role in Truth & Reconciliation. Many Indigenous leaders and community members have urged that truth needs to come before reconciliation, followed by action to create meaningful impact. Museums have a uniquely important role in changing past narratives and practices to move forward with ReconciliACTION.
Although museums carry a lot of colonial baggage, the Manitoba Museum staff (past and present) have been working hard to make the Museum a safe space to learn about history. In-person visitors to the Museum can choose from various programs and exhibits to engage with difficult histories, we also have resources available on our website and YouTube channel that you can view from home.
The Orange Shirt Day Reflection Wall encourages you to share your thoughts and make a commitment to reconciliation. © Manitoba Museum
The digital kiosk in our Prairies Gallery Schoolhouse exhibit provides opportunities for learning and reflection about the truth of residential schools. © Manitoba Museum
Not sure where to begin? Below are a few topics that I think are a great starting place, no matter where you are in your reconciliation learning journey.
During Orange Shirt Days, daily powwow demonstrations by Beautiful Cloud Company provides the opportunity to learn about the resilience of Indigenous culture. © Manitoba Museum
For many non-Indigenous readers, learning more about these topics might bring up a lot of feelings and make you uncomfortable, and that’s okay. The important thing is to not dismiss information that challenges what you knew about Canadian history, but instead sit with the discomfort and think about why you might feel this way. Moving forward, I recommend looking at the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation’s website for ‘ReconciliACTION Plans’ (nctr.ca/reconciliaction-plans) to create your own action plan.
Join us for a time of learning, reflection, and response.
Three days of free admission to all areas September 28 – 30. No tickets required.
The Criddle family had a wide variety of interests and talents, which some of them pursued as careers and others as hobbies. While patriarch Percy Criddle wasn’t a visual artist, some of his family members were very skilled artists.
In this video with Collections Technician Cortney Pachet, we’ll take a look at some of the work done by three artists within the family: Percy’s mother, Mary Ann, his son, Norman, and his granddaughter, Ann.
