A long wooden countertop with a brown beaver pelt, a folded up brown bison pelt, and a white arctic fox pelt on the top. Behind the counter is a mock trading post, with shelves lined with trade goods like coloured cloth and fabric, metal dishes, ceramic crocks, and smaller items for sewing. There are three lit-up cases that feature artifacts as examples of items that individuals could get at a trading post.

The HBC Museum Collection at the Manitoba Museum

The HBC Museum Collection at the Manitoba Museum

There’s a lot of buzz in the news right now surrounding the future of the Hudson’s Bay Company and their heritage collection, and it has brought up a lot of questions regarding the beloved HBC Museum Collection here at the Manitoba Museum. While I can’t speak to the artifacts that are currently owned by the HBC, I can offer some reassurances and some history behind the over 27,000 artifacts that are here under our care at the Manitoba Museum.

A black and white photo of a room filled with artifact display cases full of artifacts. On the walls hang picture frames, snowshoes, artifacts, and more. Across the top of the display case against the back wall is a kayak.

The HBC Museum Collection originated in the 1920s as part of the Company’s 250th anniversary celebrations. The collection was pulled together from artifacts collected by former and current employees, with one retired employee being sent on a large-scale collecting mission. The method of acquisition for these artifacts is part of my current research, I have been doing a lot of archival digging trying to track down how they acquired these belongings. Nevertheless, a collection came together and was originally exhibited in the Winnipeg store (first at York and Main, later once the larger department store construction was finished it moved to the location at Portage and Colony), and later in other department stores across the country.

 

Image: The original HBC Museum Collection display in the store at Main and York, before it moved to the larger department store in 1926 (Source: HBCA 1987-363-H-23-64)

The Collection was then loaned to the Province of Manitoba in 1960 and was on display and housed at Lower Fort Garry, under the curation of Barbara Johnstone. Eventually HBC looked to find a more permanent home for the collection where it would be publicly accessible. After many lengthy discussions, and through the support of First Nations leaders like Phil Fontaine, it was decided that the Manitoba Museum was the best place. In 1994, the HBC officially gifted the collection, deemed a collection of National Historic Significance by the Canadian Cultural Properties and Export Review Board, as a gift to the Nation to the Manitoba Museum (then called the Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature).

Collections storage, open facing shelves along a sotrage room wall. On the shelves rest a variety of artifacts ranging from models to carvings to woven baskets, and more.

Rolling storage units in collection storage. Inside the nearest unit hang pieces of art.

Inside the HBC Museum Collection storage areas, located above the HBC Gallery.

 

The Manitoba Museum has been the custodian of this significant collection ever since, and through the development of the HBC Gallery established a permanent display for part of the collection. The items that are not on display are still accessible for community members, researchers, students, and artists, and many belongings are loaned to other institutions for public display as well.

A large York boat is nestled amongst larger rocks with artifact cases inside made to look like fur bales but featuring artifacts related to freighting and transportation. The walls of the gallery are a deep burgundy and there is a mural behind the boat depicting scenes from HBC’s prominent trading post at Norway House.

Rest assured, the HBC Museum Collection here is safe for future generations to come and enjoy, and I encourage you to come visit if you have not been to the Manitoba Museum in a while! The Nonsuch and HBC Galleries remain popular with visitors of all ages, but we’ve made some amazing upgrades in some of our other permanent galleries too. Museums play an important role in preserving history for the public and keeping it accessible, and visiting Museums helps support these institutions so they can continue to serve the public for years to come.

Dr. Amelia Fay

Dr. Amelia Fay

Curator of Anthropology & the HBC Museum Collection

Amelia Fay is Curator of Anthropology and the HBC Museum Collection at the Manitoba Museum. She received her BA in Anthropology from the University of Manitoba (2004), an MA in Archaeology…
Meet Dr. Amelia Fay

Tackling Dirty Data One Field at a Time

One prevailing comment I hear about my job, whether in person or via social media, is “your job sounds so cool!” And you know what? It is. But I’m about to reveal the dark underbelly of my job, the bane of my existence, the thing that frustrates me to my core: dirty data.

Last year, the Museum implemented a new Collections Management System (CMS) after years with an old database that was vintage in all the wrong ways. The worst part of our old database was the inability to control the data being entered into the system, resulting in dirty data in desperate need of attention.

What is dirty data?

Dirty data is incorrect data, misspellings, outdated or inaccurate information found in various fields in our database.

How does it happen?

One cause of dirty data is information changing over time, like the reclamation of First Nations place names or changes to the nomenclature we use to categorize objects, leading to inaccuracies in our existing data. However, the biggest culprit of dirty data in our system is human error. With hundreds of individuals creating or entering data into dozens of fields over a fifty-year period, mistakes are bound to happen. This ranges from simple spelling errors to lazy cataloguing resulting in variations in what should be one accurate piece of data.

Five variations of a manufacturer listing in the database: Blackwoods, Blackwood's, Blackwood ?, Blackwoods Ltd., and Blackwood's Ltd.

Here we see many variations on the name of a now-defunct Winnipeg-based beverage company: Blackwoods, Blackwood’s, Blackwoods Ltd., Blackwood’s Ltd. Over the years, different cataloguers have entered the manufacturer name in various ways, either due to information available to them, like the name ‘Blackwoods’ embossed on a bottle, or an error in judgement.

In case you’re dying to know, the correct name is Blackwoods Ltd.

Why is dirty data bad?

Dirty data is bad for a handful of reasons. One, the most detrimental to the function of the CMS, is reduced data quality – these errors mean that impacted objects are overlooked in searches of the system.

Screenshot of a database search for Term Type Culture showing results for Canadain, Canadian, Canadian ?, and Canandian.

For instance, if I searched for Culture = Canadian, any records with the erroneous Canadain or Canandian in the Culture field would be missing from my results. Due to a typing error, we could be missing out on key objects that would be super relevant to a curator or researcher.

Another downside of dirty data is damage to our reputation. Errors in our collections data have an impact on how others may perceive us – if this particular data is incorrect, what else is incorrect? We have an obligation, as a museum, to maintain and provide accurate, up-to-date information about our collections.

How are you cleaning up your data?

We are currently in this phase of our new CMS implementation. I’m exporting data, reviewing it, making necessary changes, and then importing the cleansed data back into the database.

An excel sheet with artifact details in columns for "Object ID", "Object Name/Type", "Category", "Class (HH)", "and Subclass".

Here, I’m standardizing the nomenclature for our History collection. Our former database had Category and Class fields and now I’m also adding the tertiary Subclass dataset, which will allow us to get even more detailed in searches without having to exclusively use Object Name. For example, I can now search Drinking Vessels and get all the cups, mugs, tankards, glasses, teacups, tumblers, etc. in the collection instead of having to search individually for all these kinds of objects.

We also have a handy-dandy “search and replace” feature that the database “super users” (where’s my cape?!) can use to easily swap out one dataset for another.

What are we doing to prevent the creation of dirty data moving forward?

Our new collections management system has some key features that helps us prevent the entry of dirty data:

  1. We now have many lexicon-controlled fields, meaning that you need to pull data from a pre-approved list of available terms. No more Object Name=Tunbler because you’ll only be able to enter Object Name=Tumbler, for instance. We can update the lexicon terms available for those fields as needed, which is helpful.
  2. Our long text fields, like description or provenance, now have spellcheck! This is great for cataloguers who struggle with spelling. We’re living in 2025, folks!

Further to this, additional training and support for the creators of data is also a top priority moving forward. Will some dirty data still sneak in now and then? Absolutely. But then I’ll be there to scrub it clean.

Cortney Pachet

Cortney Pachet

Collections Technician – Human History

Cortney Pachet started working at the Manitoba Museum in 2001 as a tour guide while earning her a BA (Honours) from the University of Winnipeg. She quickly realized that she wanted a career in museums…
Meet Cortney Pachet

Preserving Tradition: The Art and Significance of Moccasin Making

Have you ever seen the beautiful moccasins in the Manitoba Museum galleries and wondered about their creation process? Who made them, who wore them, and where did they travel? Museums are filled with millions of objects and specimens, but it’s the stories behind these items that really matter. Discovering how these stories connect to present-day individuals and communities is truly the best part of my job.

While moccasins may seem ordinary, they preserve cultural heritage and have resisted colonial forces since first contact. As a young girl, I admired how my relatives paired their outfits with braids, beaded earrings, bolo ties, and stunning moccasins. There is an ongoing desire to preserve our cultural identity, even through everyday items like shoes and accessories.

One of our long-time friends and partners is Gloria Beckman, a Nēhîthâwâk artist skilled in many art forms, including moccasin making. Through her workshops, Gloria shares her expertise and passion, helping preserve these vital cultural traditions.

A pair of moccasins with light tan leather bodies, with beaded accenting and grey fur trimming.

Images: Beautiful pairs of fur-trimmed, beaded moccasins created by workshop leader Gloria Beckman. © Gloria Beckman.

Moccasins in museum collections storage. In the foreground, a pair of black moccasins with colourful beaded detailing around the body. In the background, a tan-coloured pair of moccasins with beaded cuffs at the ankles and a beaded panel on the top of the foot.

Gloria recently shared that moccasin making is a meditative, community building activity. She expressed that, “The excitement of seeing pahkîkinaskisina (leather footwear) is an intrinsically rewarding experience” that provides us with a sense of belonging.

We are honoured to partner with Gloria for various workshops throughout the year, offering guests the opportunity to create their own hand-made treasures, perhaps to pass down to future generations with love. Workshops also provide a unique experience to explore the techniques and artistry from our ancestors with a behind-the scenes look at artifacts in our collection.

If you are interested in hearing about future workshop opportunities be sure to sign up for our Manitoba Museum e-newsletter!

Tashina Houle-Schlup

Tashina Houle-Schlup

Head of Indigenous Programming & Engagement

Tashina Houle-Schlup is a young Anishinaabe woman with roots in Ebb & Flow First Nation who grew up in the foothills of Riding Mountain National Park on a bison ranch and natural hide tannery. Tashina grew up learning to sew, tan hides, bead, and practice quillwork. She has many passions, including sharing her knowledge of Indigenous history and culture in her role as the Head of Indigenous Programming & Engagement at the Manitoba Museum.

The Sky for April 2025

“April showers bring May flowers”, goes the saying, and it’s true that April does often have a lot of rain (or at least clouds) for Manitoba. On clear nights, though, we get a unique view away from our Milky Way galaxy and out into the darkness of intergalactic space. With fewer bright stars to guide you, contemplate the darkness between the stars: that’s what most of the universe is like.

The Solar System

Mercury is technically in the morning sky in April, but the angles dictate that it stays very low to the horizon (and probably invisible) from Manitoba. Southern hemisphere viewers get their best morning views this year of the elusive innermost planet.

Venus has moved between us and the Sun (well, just above the Sun) and is now low in the east before dawn.

Mars is still bright in the evening sky, forming an ever-changing triangle with the bright stars Castor and Pollux in Gemini.

Jupiter still shines brightly in the evening sky, high in the southwest after sunset in the constellations of Taurus.

Saturn has moved into the morning sky, but like Mercury it is very low to the horizon and probably invisible from Manitoba until near the end of the month. Saturn will be a summer feature this year, so wait a few months and you’ll get a great view.

Uranus sets very soon after the sun and is not easily observable this month. You’d need at least binoculars, and probably a small telescope, to be able to spot it, and even then it’s so far from Earth that it appears as just a faint “star” in a field of other stars.

Neptune is invisible without a telescope at the best of times, and this month is not the best of times. Neptune is near Venus in the bright twilight sky before sunrise and is unobservable this month.

Of the five known dwarf planets, none are visible with typical backyard telescopes this month.

Sky Calendar for April 2025

All times are given in the local time for Manitoba: Central Daylight Time (UTC-5). However, most of these events are visible across Canada at the same local time without adjusting for time zones.

Tuesday, Apr. 1, 2025 (evening): The thin crescent Moon is above the Pleiades star cluster in the evening sky. Both with fit comfortably into the field of view of typical household binoculars.

Wednesday, Apr. 2, 2025 (evening): The thin crescent Moon stands above and to the right of Jupiter in the west after sunset. in the evening sky. You should be able to see both in binoculars at the same time. Look for some tiny dots in a line very close to Jupiter – those are some of its largest moons! Callisto is the one farthest to the right and likely the one most easily seen in binoculars. Good eyesight or higher magnification may show a second dot closer to the bright planet – that’s Ganymede and Europa, which appear right beside each other tonight, merged into a single point.

Thursday, Apr. 3, 2025 (evening): The waxing crescent Moon is about halfway between bright white Jupiter (to its lower right) and reddish Mars (higher and to its left) in the west and southwest after sunset.

Friday, Apr. 4, 2025 (evening): The first-quarter Moon forms an almost-triangle with Mars and the stars Castor and Pollux. From bottom left, we have Mars, Pollux, and Castor.

Saturday, Apr. 5, 2025 (evening): The waxing gibbous Moon is to the left of Mars tonight. Both fit into the field of view of typical binoculars. This is a good chance to compare the reddish colour of Mars with the grey-white tones of the Moon.

Thursday, Apr. 10, 2025 (evening): After weeks of flirting as a triangle, Mars forms an almost-straight line with Castor and Pollux this evening. Nothing significant about this, other than it looks cool from our point of view here on Earth. (Mars is only 185 million kilometers away, while Pollux is 324 billion km and the six stars of the Castor system are 25 trillion km distant. Their apparent alignment is in in two dimensions as seen from this particular corner of the universe.)

Saturday, Apr. 12, 2025: Full Moon

Sunday, Apr. 20, 2025: Last Quarter Moon

Monday, Apr. 21, 2025 (evening): Tonight is the peak of the annual Lyrids meteor shower. Beginning around 11 p.m. local time you can expect to see a dozen or so meteors per hour from a dark sky location. The show intensifies after midnight and into the pre-dawn hours of the 22nd. As meteor showers go, this one isn’t at the same level as the Geminids of December or even the Perseids of August, but it’s a nice evening under the stars in cool spring skies before the mosquitoes hatch.

Thursday, Apr. 24, 2025 (morning): The thin crescent moon is visible off to the right of bright Venus in the eastern sky about a half-hour before sunrise.

Friday, Apr. 25, 2025 (morning): The thin crescent Moon has moved to the lower left of Venus. Both are visible in the eastern sky just before dawn.

Sunday, Apr. 27, 2025: New Moon

Tuesday, Apr. 29, 2025 (evening): The crescent Moon reprises its appearance with Jupiter, although this time they are too far apart to fit into the view through binoculars at the same time. The Moon is slightly below and to Jupiter’s right this evening after sunset.

Also tonight, Mars begins its approach to the Beehive star cluster (also known as Messier 44 or M44) in the constellation of Cancer the Crab. While the cluster is just a faint smudge in binoculars, a small telescope shows a few dozen stars. Mars will skirt the northern edge of the cluster during the first week or May, making for interesting pictures for small telescope users.

Wednesday, Apr. 30, 2025 (morning): You might be able to glimpse Saturn through binoculars starting today if you’re up early. Start looking about 5:30 am local time. First, find Venus, which is the brightest (and probably only) “star” you will see in the bright twilight glow in the east. Put Venus near the “10 o’clock” position in your binoculars, and then look for a really faint object near the “4 o’clock” position. That’s Saturn. It will likely only be visible for a short window between when it rises and when the sky is too bright to see it/

Wednesday, Apr. 30, 2025 (evening): The crescent Moon stands above Jupiter in the western sky after sunset.

People stare up at the northern lights above them.

Outside of the regular events listed above, there are other things we see in the sky that can’t always be predicted in advance.

Aurora borealis, the northern lights, are becoming a more common sight again as the Sun goes through the maximum of its 11-year cycle of activity. Particles from the Sun interact with the Earth’s magnetic field and the high upper atmosphere to create glowing curtains of light around the north (and south) magnetic poles of the planet. Manitoba is well-positioned relative to the north magnetic pole to see these displays often, but they still can’t be forecast very far in advance. A site like Space Weather can provide updates on solar activity and aurora forecasts for the next 48 hours. The best way to see the aurora is to spend a lot of time out under the stars, so that you are there when they occur.,

Random meteors (also known as falling or shooting stars) occur every clear night at the rate of about 5-10 per hour. Most people don’t see them because of light pollution from cities, or because they don’t watch the sky uninterrupted for an hour straight. They happen so quickly that a single glance down at your phone or exposure to light can make you miss one.

Satellites are becoming extremely common sights in the hours after sunset and before dawn. Appearing as a moving star that takes a few minutes to cross the sky, they appear seemingly out of nowhere. These range from the International Space Station and Chinese space station Tianhe, which have people living on them full-time, to remote sensing and spy satellites, to burnt-out rocket parts and dead satellites. These can be predicted in advance (or identified after the fact) using a site like Heavens Above by selecting your location.

Scott Young

Scott Young

Planetarium Astronomer

Scott is the Planetarium Astronomer at the Manitoba Museum, developing astronomy and science programs. He has been an informal science educator for more than thirty years, working in the planetarium and science centre field both at The Manitoba Museum and also at the Alice G. Wallace Planetarium in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Scott is an active amateur astronomer and a past-President of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada.

Think dating is hard? Just ask a geologist!

Geologic time is truly staggering. It is hard to comprehend even for geologists, so we often rely on analogies to convey the vastness of time. If you could count one year per second, it would take an hour and 17 minutes until you had counted the age of the oldest Egyptian pyramids. Keep going, and it would take over 2 years before you reached the end of the age of dinosaurs. You would have to keep going for another 5 and a half years to get to the age of the earliest dinosaurs and another 12 on top of that to reach the earliest animals. It would be impossible to count to the age of the Earth, as it would take 144 years to get to 4.54 billion.

But, how do we actually know how old a particular specimen or event is? This is one of the most common questions I am asked as Curator of Palaeontology and Geology. It’s an excellent question, but not an easy one to answer in a concise way, so I will do my best to provide a more comprehensive answer here.

The Ancient Seas exhibit, showing a large curving monitor with an animated sea scape representing the tropical ocean that once covered much of Manitoba. Boulders covered in colourful corals and algae give way in the foreground to more open areas where cephalopods with coiled shells swim. Below the screen are small cases, text, and graphics.

Manitoba has changed immensely over Earth’s history. While Churchill is now a cold, arctic environment close to 60 degrees north of the equator, about 450 million years ago it was equatorial and covered by a tropical sea. This is due to the shifting of the plates that make up the Earth’s crust, which move at about the speed that your fingernails grow.

Rocks and Clocks

You may have heard of carbon dating before. This approach relies on the radioactive decay of a naturally occurring form of the chemical element carbon. As with all elements, carbon atoms can come in several different forms, called isotopes. Isotopes share the same number of positive particles (protons) in their atomic nucleus, but differ in the number of neutral particles (neutrons). The majority of carbon on Earth is an isotope called carbon-12, which is stable. However, other forms of carbon exist, including an unstable form called carbon-14, characterized by two extra neutrons in its nucleus. Carbon-14 atoms decay over time, as one of their neutrons converts into a proton, releasing radiation and transforming the unstable carbon atom into a stable nitrogen atom. New carbon-14 is constantly being generated in the atmosphere by the action of cosmic rays from space which cause the conversion of nitrogen atoms into carbon-14.

Critically, the decay of carbon-14 happens at a predictable rate. By measuring this rate, we can predict that half of the carbon-14 that exists now will have decayed in 5,730 plus or minus 40 years. This length of time is known as the half life of carbon-14 and it is this concept that allows us to date materials made of carbon. Living organisms take in carbon, including carbon-14, either from carbon dioxide gas via photosynthesis or from feeding on other organisms. While organisms are alive, their supply of carbon-14 is continuously replenished. Once they die, carbon intake ceases and the carbon-14 “clock” is started. By measuring the amount of carbon-14 remaining in a sample of an ancient organism, we can calculate how long ago it died.

An exhibit case in the Earth History Gallery with several specimens arranged along a timeline.

A specimen of Acasta Gneiss, a greyish rock with bands of darker and lighter coloured minerals.

One of the oldest rocks on the surface of the Earth, called Acasta Gneiss, on display in the Earth History gallery. It is close to 4 billion years old and is found in Northwest Territories. The age of the Earth and Solar System are estimated to be even older based on measuring the age of meteorites and samples from the moon, which are less subject to processes that reset the radiometric “clock”.

Unfortunately, there’s a catch: if a sample is more than about 50,000 years old, the amount of carbon-14 remaining will be too small to permit an accurate age estimate. For older samples, scientists have to rely on different elements. For example, uranium-238 decays into lead-206 with a half life of about 4.47 billion years. Since uranium-238 is commonly trapped in in certain minerals when they form, it is ideal for measuring the age of older events in Earth’s history. Several other clocks, or more technically radiometric dating systems, exist and these can often be compared to each other to improve the accuracy of estimates.

Absolute and relative time

Not every sample can be dated using an absolute method. For example, many fossils are too old for carbon dating and have insufficient uranium content for uranium-lead dating (although new approaches are pushing the boundaries of what is possible).

Similarly, sedimentary rocks like sandstones and limestones are formed of many different components including fragments of older rocks, fossils, and mineral crystals that have grown in between. Dating these components can give differing ages, sometimes producing misleading age estimates for samples. Further, alteration of rock under high heat and pressure or by the seeping of groundwater can enable atoms to move into and out of its crystalline structure (element mobility), which can “reset” the radiometric system.

This is where a second, complimentary approach called relative dating comes in. Even before there was a well-developed conception of evolution, scientists noticed that there was a regular pattern to the occurrence of different species throughout Earth’s rock record. We now know that this pattern is a consequence of the evolution and extinction of species. Mammoths, dinosaurs, and trilobites are all found only in particular rock layers and are absent from others. At a finer scale, careful examination reveals multiple successions of particular species, from which a comprehensive sequence can be built up. Since rock layers are deposited one on top of the other, the ordered succession of organisms gives us a clue about the relative age of the layers they are found in. If we can date rock layers above and below a particular fossil using radiometric dating, then we know that the fossil must be intermediate between those ages. If we then find the same fossil elsewhere, we have a relative idea of how old the rock it occurs in must be.

A section of brown to black rock is displayed in a case, with an arrow pointing to the layer representing the boundary layer. To the left, an image of a large marine reptile swimming in front of an advancing debris could from the asteroid impact.

This section of rock on display in the Earth History Gallery is the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene Periods, marking the end of the age of dinosaurs. Radiometric dating has allowed precise age estimates for this boundary layer, recently placing it at 66.02 plus or minus 0.08 million years.

A large, multicoloured board with the names of different intervals of geologic time. Each one represented in Manitoba is associated with a piece of rock from that age.

The time scale in the Earth History gallery shows the names of major time intervals. The cylindrical rock slices are pieces of rocks of each interval found in Manitoba. Some time intervals are not represented in our province, corresponding to gaps in the time scale. Since this display was constructed, there have been changes and refinements to the time scale that will require updating in the future.

Fossils are not the only source of information that can be used for relative dating. Chemical and magnetic signatures also exhibit observable patterns of change through time that can be used to order rock layers by age. By combining insights from various relative and absolute dating methods around the world, the Earth’s timescale has been built up. The timescale is broken up into a number of named intervals, often based on particularly noticeable changes in the types of fossils. For example, the end of the Cretaceous Period is marked by the extinction of the dinosaurs, with the exception of birds.

Earth’s geological time scale should certainly be ranked among our most significant scientific achievements. This is the result of a long and fascinating history, with insights being drawn from multiple different disciplines of study around the globe. While we now have a pretty good idea of the age of key events throughout Earth’s history, new research is constantly refining dates, enabling us to understand events in the deep past with ever increasing precision.

Dr. Joe Moysiuk

Dr. Joe Moysiuk

Curator of Palaeontology & Geology

Joe Moysiuk recently completed his doctoral dissertation at the University of Toronto and Royal Ontario Museum. His expertise centers on the oldest animal fossils and insights they provide about the evolution…
Meet Dr. Joe Moysiuk

Premiere at the Planetarium: Voyage of the Stars

The Manitoba Museum’s newest Planetarium show will take you to the edge of space and the bottom of the sea.

Premiering Saturday, March 29, Voyage of the Stars: A Sea and Space Adventure is an exciting experience for all ages.

Astéria, an adorable little starfish, dreams of going on an adventure, just like her hero, Captain Octopus.

A cartoon of an underwater submersible with a star fish and space suit wearing star inside. Behind the craft various fish swim through the waters.

Aboard Stella’s submersible spacecraft, the two friends explore the wonders under the sea. ©RSACosmo

Cartoon image showing a humanoid figure in a space suit with a star-shaped head standing next to a red starfish inside of an underwater submersible. Through the window in front of them a large school of fish can be seen swimming past.

Realistic and stunning underwater scenes complement the planetarium’s awesome space imagery. ©RSACosmo

One morning, as she gazes at the starry sky giving way to dawn, a spaceship from outer space crash-lands next to her. On board is Stella, a daring shooting star who urgently needs to find fuel to be able to return to space!

Together, they embark on an exciting quest under the oceans. During their journey, Astéria introduces Stella to the fascinating diversity of marine species, while Stella shares her knowledge about Earth, the Moon, and the Sun. Exploring the deep oceans of Earth and exploring deep space have many similarities, which the two friends discover during their adventure. Gradually, they realize the magical connection that ties underwater life to the vastness of space.

Cartoon portrayal of a school of fish swimming in an upwards column.

Authentic underwater visuals will enchant audiences of all ages. ©RSACosmo

A cartoon starfish and a humanoid figure in a space suit with a star-shaped head hold hands and swing together on an orbit in space.

Astéria and Stella explore the motions of the Earth and Moon. ©RSACosmo

This film, designed for younger viewers, offers authentic underwater visuals that will enchant audiences of all ages. With a fun storyline and endearing characters, the show is appropriate for all ages.

Voyage of the Stars: A Sea and Space Adventure premieres Saturday, March 29 at the Manitoba Museum Planetarium and runs daily during Spring Break programming. It will continue to run weekends starting April 12.

Plan your adventure today!

 

Scott Young

Scott Young

Planetarium Astronomer

Scott is the Planetarium Astronomer at the Manitoba Museum, developing astronomy and science programs. He has been an informal science educator for thirty years, working in the planetarium and science centre field both at The Manitoba Museum and also at the Alice G. Wallace Planetarium in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Scott is an active amateur astronomer and a past-President of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada.

The Sky for March 2025

March brings the spring equinox, warmer weather, and the last chance to see the winter constellations. This year, March also hosts a pair of eclipses (one visible from North America) and a planetary line-up that is almost as good as it gets.

A simulated view of the "parade of planets" on March 2, 2025. [Image: Stellarium]

The Solar System

The “Planetary Parade”: While it’s over-hyped online by people who don’t know the sky very well, this month *is* a good time to spot the planets. In late February and early March, we can see 4 of the 5 bright planets at the same time in early evening. But, it isn’t any more spectacular than it has been for the last month – the planets are effectively always in a “parade”, and so if you didn’t notice it in January or February you might wonder what the fuss is all about. That’s social media for you – anything that reliably generates “likes” or “shares” will be used to drive engagement without managing expectations or even providing accurate content.

Bottom line: you can see most of the planets this month, including Mercury which is generally the hardest one to see because it’s so close to the sun. Enjoy the view!

Mercury reaches its best visibility of 2025 this month, rising into the evening sky at the beginning of the month.

Venus still dominates the western sky at sunset at the beginning of March, but it dives towards the Sun by mid-March. For a few days around its closest conjunction to the Sun, it will be visible in both the morning and evening sky at the same time. See the Sky Calendar for details.

Earth reaches the point in its orbit when its poles are perpendicular to its orbital path around the Sun. We call this occurrence the equinox, and this year the Spring Equinox occurs at 4:01 a.m. Central Daylight Time on March 20, 2025. While this marks the astronomical beginning of spring, it has little connection to the weather. The main event is that the hours of daylight and nighttime are equal – equinox means “equal night”. Any stories about being able to balance an egg on its end only during the equinox are false – you can do that any day of the year, if you have the time and patience for it.

Mars is still bright in the evening sky, forming an ever-changing triangle with the bright stars Castor and Pollux in Gemini. The Moon is nearby on the evening of March 8th.

Jupiter still shines brightly in the evening sky, high in the southwest after sunset in the constellations of Taurus.

Saturn drops into the sunset glare early in the month, and is lost to sight. You *might* catch it in binoculars during the first few days of the month below Mercury, if you have a perfectly flat horizon and crystal-clear skies.

Uranus is to the right of Jupiter, but invisible to the unaided eye. A pair of binoculars will show it as a star-like dot among a sea of other star-like dots; you need a detailed finder chart like those in the RASC Observers’ Handbook to track it down.

Neptune, while technically part of the “parade”, is invisible without a telescope at the best of times, and this month is not the best of times. Neptune is near Venus in the bright twilight sky and probably unobservable this month.

Of the five known dwarf planets, none are visible with typical backyard telescopes this month.

Sky Calendar for March 2025

All times are given in the local time for Manitoba: Central Standard Time (CST) before March 9, and Central Daylight Time beginning at 2:00 a.m. on March 9, 2025. However, most of these events are visible across Canada at the same local time without adjusting for time zones.

Saturday, Mar. 1, 2025 (evening): Mercury begins its two-week period of visibility, rising into the evening sky below Venus. The very thin crescent Moon is nearby on March 1, but likely invisible in the bright sky without binoculars or cameras. (For the “young moon” hunters, it’s a 24-hour-old moon at sunset in Manitoba, close to the limit for what is potentially visible. Flat horizons and clear skies are a must!)

Sunday, Mar. 2, 2025 (evening): The crescent Moon is above Venus in the evening sky, visible to the unaided eye and with glorious Earthshine illuminating the dark side. Photo op!

Monday, March 3, 2025 (evening): The crescent Moon is mid-way between Venus and Jupiter, while Mercury continues to rise higher in the west below Venus.

Wednesday, March 5, 2025 (evening): The Moon and Jupiter form a nice grouping with Aldebaran and the Pleiades star cluster this evening.

Thursday, March 6, 2025 (evening sky): The Moon is above Jupiter, high in the southwest in the evening sky.

Saturday, March 8, 2025 (evening): Starting tonight, the planets Mercury and Venus are visible in the same field of view of typical household binoculars (roughly a 7-degree field). They’ll remain this close until Mercury is lost from sight around March 14.

Also tonight, the Moon is just above Mars high in the southeast after sunset, with the two bright stars Castor and Pollux nearby. Over the course of the night you can see the Moon’s orbital motion as it passes Mars and moves farther away. At 8pm CDT the Moon is right above Mars; by 3am CDT it has moved to be mid-way between Mars and Castor.

Finally, unless you’re up all night, set your non-internet clocks ahead one hour before you go to bed. Daylight Savings Time starts tomorrow at 2am (1:59 a.m. Central Standard Time is followed by 3:00 a.m. Central Daylight Time).

Sunday, March 9, 2025 (morning): Daylight Savings Time started this morning.

Tuesday, March 11, 2025 (evening): Mercury reaches its highest point above the horizon, while Venus has sunk down to almost meet it. After tonight both Mercury and Venus will rapidly sink into the sunset glow.

Thursday, March 13 (evening): The total lunar eclipse begins at 10:57 p.m. CDT tonight and extends throughout the night into early Friday morning. Unlike a solar eclipse, a lunar eclipse is absolutely safe to watch.

Times for the total lunar eclipse on March 13-14, 2025.
Times for the various stages of the total lunar eclipse of March 13-14, 2025. times for Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

 

For local times for other locations across North America, visit the NASA Science Directorate Eclipse Page.

Thursday, March 20, 2025: The Vernal Equinox occurs at 4:01 a.m. Central Daylight Time, marking the beginning of astronomical spring. Also on this date, Venus begins to be visible in both the evening and morning skies (see the entry for March 23 for details).

Sunday, March 23, 2025: The Earth passes through the plane of Saturn’s rings. This would afford a rare view of the rings “disappearing”, but unfortunately Saturn will be too close to the Sun for the event to be easily visible.

Also today, Venus passes between us and the Sun (actually, just “above” the Sun from our point of view). For a few days on either side of this, Venus will be visible in both the evening sky after sunset and the morning sky before sunrise before transitioning into a morning-only object.

Saturday, March 29, 2025: There is a partial solar eclipse on this date, but it is only visible from northeastern Canada, Greenland, Iceland, and northwestern Europe. For details on the view from your location, use this link.

Spring break at the Planetarium: Our spring break programming begins Saturday, March 29 and extends through Sunday, April 6, 2025, open daily from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Our brand new family show, “Voyage of the Stars: A Sea and Space Adventure” premieres, and we’ll also have an encore presentation of “Edge of Darkness”, which takes us among the dwarf planets such as Ceres and Pluto. Advance tickets and showtimes are available here.

Northern Lights, Meteors, and other Cool Stuff

People stare up at the northern lights above them.

Outside of the regular events listed above, there are other things we see in the sky that can’t always be predicted in advance.

Aurora borealis, the northern lights, are becoming a more common sight again as the Sun goes through the maximum of its 11-year cycle of activity. Particles from the Sun interact with the Earth’s magnetic field and the high upper atmosphere to create glowing curtains of light around the north (and south) magnetic poles of the planet. Manitoba is well-positioned relative to the north magnetic pole to see these displays often, but they still can’t be forecast very far in advance. A site like Space Weather can provide updates on solar activity and aurora forecasts for the next 48 hours. The best way to see the aurora is to spend a lot of time out under the stars, so that you are there when they occur.,

Random meteors (also known as falling or shooting stars) occur every clear night at the rate of about 5-10 per hour. Most people don’t see them because of light pollution from cities, or because they don’t watch the sky uninterrupted for an hour straight. They happen so quickly that a single glance down at your phone or exposure to light can make you miss one.

Satellites are becoming extremely common sights in the hours after sunset and before dawn. Appearing as a moving star that takes a few minutes to cross the sky, they appear seemingly out of nowhere. These range from the International Space Station and Chinese space station Tianhe, which have people living on them full-time, to remote sensing and spy satellites, to burnt-out rocket parts and dead satellites. These can be predicted in advance (or identified after the fact) using a site like Heavens Above by selecting your location.

Scott Young

Scott Young

Planetarium Astronomer

Scott is the Planetarium Astronomer at the Manitoba Museum, developing astronomy and science programs. He has been an informal science educator for more than thirty years, working in the planetarium and science centre field both at The Manitoba Museum and also at the Alice G. Wallace Planetarium in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Scott is an active amateur astronomer and a past-President of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada.

The New Hurtig Furrier Exhibit

A. and M. Hurtig Furriers

The A. and M. Hurtig Furriers shop is a new exhibit in the Winnipeg 1920 Cityscape at the Manitoba Museum, featuring authentic fur accessories and furrier tools from the early 20th century. The exhibit includes the front entrance display and the backroom workshop. A. and M. Hurtig Furriers was only one of forty-three furrier shops in Winnipeg.

Entrance to the A&M Hurtig Furriers storefront in the Winnipeg 1920 Cityscape. A display case features a fur coat and fur accessories, and in the back a mannequin can be seen seated at a desk.

The new A & M Hurtig Furriers exhibit in the Winnipeg 1920 Gallery.

Newspaper clipping of a photograph of Max Hurtig.

Max Hurtig. Jewish Post, Sept. 7, 1950. Jewish Heritage Centre of Canada

Adolph and Max Hurtig were Jewish immigrants from Romania who arrived in Winnipeg in 1908. Ten years later they founded the A. and M. Hurtig Furriers business. Anne Hurtig, a relative, was the bookkeeper of the shop. Their employees made fur coats and accessories for a growing Winnipeg population. The early shop was at 476 Portage Ave, across from the current University of Winnipeg, and they in 1935 they moved to 262 Portage Ave.

By the 1920s, about half of all garment industry workers and owners in Winnipeg were Jewish.[i] In Canada, about one third of all furriers were from the Jewish community. [ii]  During this period, First Nations trappers across Western Canada also sold furs directly to Jewish itinerant traders, challenging large companies like the HBC.[iii] In the late 1920s and 30s, Hurtig Furriers became a site of bitter labour disputes that pitted labour unionists against garment and furrier business owners. This was resolved once union contracts were finally signed, and military contracts in the Second World War created huge demand for their products.

[i] https://www.jhcwc.org/exhibitions/a-stitch-in-time/the-garment-business/

[ii] Louis Rosenberg. Canada’s Jews: A social and economic study of the Jews in Canada. 1939. Pp178-179.

[iii] Colpitts, George. Itinerant Jewish and Arabic Trading in the Dene’s North, 1916-1930. 2013. Journal of the Canadian Historical Association, p 172.

A mannequin positioned as though working on a fur coat in a furrier back work room. A grey coat is on the work table in front of her, and she wears a white overcoat and a scarf over her hair.

The A & M Hurtig Furriers workshop in the Winnipeg 1920 Gallery.

A mannequin seated at a desk as though writing in an open ledger. Beside the desk is a dress form wearing a dark fur coat. On the wall behind the desk are serval framed vintage promotional images of fur coats and accessories.

The new A & M Hurtig Furriers exhibit in the Winnipeg 1920 Gallery, featuring the storefront area.

Newspaper clipping of an ad for a Hudson Seal Coats sale "At pre-war prices" for three days only at Hurtig Furriers.

Manitoba Free Press ad, June 13, 1920.

The Jewish Community in Winnipeg

A black and white photograph of the Hurtig Furriers storefront, a two-storey art deco building with a large front window featuring mannequins displaying fur coats and accessories.

The Hurtigs were very involved in Winnipeg’s Jewish community, contributing to the Shaarey Zadek and Beth Abraham Synagogues, the Jewish welfare fund, and more.

The first large group of Jewish immigrants to arrive in Winnipeg were refugees from the 1881 Russian pogroms – organized massacres and looting of Jewish settlements.  More Jewish immigrants from other parts of Europe arrived over the decades, and by 1920 over 10,000 Jews lived in Winnipeg. Synagogues and mutual aid societies were founded, especially in the North End. Though the Jewish community was essential to Winnipeg’s growth and prosperity, anti-Semitism was widespread at this time. Many Jews were excluded from clubs, residential areas, employment, and some university programs. After the Second World War, many Holocaust survivors relocated in Winnipeg.

For more detailed information about Jewish participation in the garment trade in Winnipeg, visit the virtual exhibit “A Stitch in Time,” created by the Jewish Heritage Centre of Canada: https://www.jhcwc.org/exhibitions/a-stitch-in-time/

Image: In 1935 the Hurtigs moved shop to a big, shiny, new Art Deco building at 262 Portage Ave. This building was designed by Green Blankstein Russell and Ham, and is considered one the most important Art Deco business buildings in Winnipeg. It currently stands empty, the one-time home of Dominion News. For more details visit https://winnipegarchitecture.ca/262-portage-avenue/

Creating the Exhibit

Exhibit production happens in stages, beginning with research and artifact selection, and moving on through design, purchasing of materials, construction, and artifact installation. In all, 10 museum staff and a volunteer were involved in the creation of the exhibition. Research assistance was also provided by staff at the Jewish Heritage Centre of Canada.

Digital rendering of the A&M Hurtig Furriers exhibit space showing the display cases, desk, and back work room.

A & M Hurtig Furriers exhibit concept design, by Manitoba Museum Exhibit Designer Anastasiia Mavrina.

A black and white photograph of workers in the work room of a 1920s furrier. They stand around several tables, and material scraps litter the floor.

This 1922 photograph of a Jewish furrier workshop in Winnipeg provided us with the inspiration for our reproduction in the exhibit. Jewish Heritage Centre of Canada.

Dr. Roland Sawatzky

Dr. Roland Sawatzky

Curator of History

Roland Sawatzky joined The Manitoba Museum in 2011. He received his B.A. in Anthropology from the University of Winnipeg, M.A. in Anthropology from the University of South Carolina, and Ph.D. in Archaeology…
Meet Dr. Roland Sawatzky

Memories on Paper – Preserving Family History

A birthday card, photograph, diary, or hand-written note – these little archival pieces can be some of the most treasured fragments of family history. Small and unassuming, paper objects tend to get pushed to the back of drawers where they become crinkled, creased, folded, and stained. The good news is that it does not require an archival conservation lab to preserve these historic heirlooms. With a few simple Conservator tips these pieces can last for many generations to come.

An individual wearing a navy blue lab coat leans over a paper map with a scalpel in one hand. Their other hand, in a black glove, carefully holds the paper in place.

In the same way that Conservators control the environment in a storage vault of the Museum, the location of where to store these collections in your home is the first place to start. It is best to avoid an attic or basement where temperature and humidity can fluctuate, leading to possible mould or insect damage. A combination of a stable environment, away from outdoor walls, off the floor, and away from any heat sources will help the preservation of personal memorabilia.

 

Image: Senior Conservator Carolyn Sirett repairing a map from WWII that was once folded and taped together.

In addition to an optimal environment, adding a second layer of protection to your archival assets is beneficial. Paper is a porous material, and will inherently absorb anything that surrounds it, this can include odours, colours, and acids. A method Conservators use to keep these deterioration factors at bay includes the use of storage enclosures. When choosing a box or paper folder as a storage enclosure make sure to choose a product that is lignin-free, acid-free, and buffered. Additional tips include removing staples or paper clips that can rust over time, and if choosing to use plastic enclosures make sure they are made of polypropylene or polyethylene.

An oval photograph of a soldier in uniform. from one side through to the centre the material the photograph is printed on has been torn. The edges are worn.

Poor storage environments can cause staining, tears, and mould on sensitive archival documents.

Four objects including several books and a binder that are themselves artifacts or contain and store artifacts. Each is place in a close fitting, folding box to support preservation.

Examples of archival storage enclosures used to keep collections preserved.

Our personal collections are important in different ways and can spark memories of events or people once cherished. Preserving these physical memories can be done without breaking the bank, and with a few small steps anyone can ensure they last into the future.

Carolyn Sirett

Carolyn Sirett

Senior Conservator

Carolyn Sirett received her B.A. in Anthropology from the University of Manitoba, Diploma in Cultural Resource Management from the University of Victoria, and Diploma in Collections Conservation and Management…
Meet Carolyn Sirett

A Sticky Situation

Tape might seem like a good option when it comes to quick repairs of torn papers or fast mounting of photographs in an album, however, they age badly and cause irreversible damage.  Tape is fast, cheap, and easy as the adhesive is already applied to the plastic surface. We simply have the peel it and remove it from the roll, then apply pressure.  However, tape causes a lot of issues for conservators for multiple reasons: 

  1. The adhesive on tape can move into the paper fibers and it can cause yellow or orange stains, that are almost never fully removable. A conservator can lessen them, but it is hard, even impossible sometimes.  
  2. The adhesive can fail which means it is not bonded to the object anymore and can cause the loss of materials and information.  
  3. The adhesive can be stronger than the object it was applied to causing the plastic of the tape to be extremely hard to remove. In those circumstances, many steps, tools, solvents, and sometimes equipment, like microscopes, vacuum tables and light tables , are needed to remove the tape.  It is a time-consuming process that requires patience and knowledge from conservators. 

 

Yellow stains on paper remain after tape is removed from an old repair.

In some cases, we see a mix of all three types of tape deterioration in the same object! Some parts of the tape fail, others do not and are stronger than ever, or all the paper that touched the tape and the surrounding areas are stained. If the object is a photograph and was repaired on the back, the staining can reach all the way to the front and cause yellow stains to appear on the image. It can ruin photographs and important documents.  

Black book with a white rectangular label on the front cover and a silk ribbon tie closing it together.

Winnipeg Grenadier’s Scrapbook

A great example of damage caused by using tape is a scrapbook from the Winnipeg Grenadiers archives I am currently treating in the lab. In some parts of the scrapbook, the tape has failed, and the pages and newspaper clippings are loose. In other parts the adhesive is strong and sticky and has moved outside the area of the plastic tape, so the pages are stuck together. Where the tape was applied in spots, whether it is still adhered or not, the paper is stained yellow and transparent. 

As the treatment is still in progress, I am carefully using tweezers and heated tacking iron to remove the loose or fragmented pieces of tape. The documents are then aligned back in the scrapbook, and using Japanese paper and wheat starch paste, the pages are carefully put back into position.  Page by page, the process is slow, but the outcome will be a much more stable object that can be used for research.  

 

 

Large scrapbook with pieces of old tape attached to the pages and a newspaper clipping on the right page.
Pages in the scrapbook have been stuck together by the old tape residue.
One page with multiple pieces of tape and removed pieces of newspaper.
Stains from the tape have transferred onto the original page and the newspapers that were attached.
Loose pages of a scrapbook with newspaper clippings attached to paper with yellowed tape.
Loose pages have become stuck together with tape that has failed.
Beaker filled with translucent cellulose tape with an opened scrapbook sitting behind the beaker.
A beaker holding pieces of tape that have failed with age.

Modern pressure sensitive tape might be clear when we put them on objects, but they turn yellow over time and the adhesive can transfer to the paper irreversibly. Since a multitude of tapes exist it is impossible to say when deterioration will start that is visible to the naked eye. Additionally environmental conditions also play a big role in how quickly tape applied to objects will deteriorate, notably the temperature, relative humidity, and t light exposure. 

Large leather book with a red and black label on the spine. Book is sitting flat on a black table.
Tape that has been removed from the spine of the book has left a residue on the leather.

In short, there are many evils to tape and it should not be used on anything that you want to keep for a long time. This applies to all objects, not just those made of paper, and includes wood, leather, textiles, rocks or metals.  Therefore, for the longevity and physical integrity of objects, resist the temptation and avoid using tape! 

Estelle Girard

Estelle Girard

Assistant Conservator

Estelle Girard holds a B.A. in History as well as a certificate in Art History from Université Laval, and a Masters degree in Conservation Practice from Cardiff University. Estelle’s main duties as Assistant Conservator include…
Meet Estelle Girard