Everything you should know about the Berens Family Collection

Everything you should know about the Berens Family Collection

By Maureen Matthews, past Curator of Anthropology

 

What is the Berens Family Collection?

Through the generosity of many community leaders, The Manitoba Museum has recently acquired historically significant artefacts that are currently on display in our Foyer area:

  • Chief’s Treaty Medal No. 5 and Chain, given to Chief Jacob Berens at the signing of Treaty No. 5, September 20, 1875 (H4-2-212 A, B).
  • Chief’s 1901 Commemorative Medal and Ribbon, given to Chief Jacob Berens in 1901, in commemoration of Treaty No. 5, by the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York, later King George VI and Queen Mary, as part of a cross-Canada rail journey (H4-2-213 A, B).
  • Chief’s coat, early 20th century, red wool with gold trim, epaulettes, and buttons which read “Dominion of Canada Indians,” belonged to Chief William Berens, the son of Jacob Berens; pants, navy wool

 

Who is Chief Jacob Berens?

Chief Jacob Berens’ Anishinaabe name, Naawigiizhigweyaash which means  ‘light moving in the centre of the sky,’ may indicate that he was born the year of the passing of Halley’s comet, 1835, but his birth date is uncertain (appx. 1932-35).  He was the son of Makwa ( Bear), and Aamoo (Bee or Victoria) of Berens River.  He married Mary McKay the daughter of the HBC clerk, William McKay in 1862 and they had at least 8 children.  On Sept 20, 1875 at Berens River , Jacob signed Treat No. 5 on behalf of the people in the Manitoba communities of Berens River, Poplar River, Bloodvein, Little Grand Rapids, and Pauingassi and the Ontario communities of Poplar Hill and Pikanguikum.  He was the Chief of this vast area until his death July 7, 1916.

 

Who is Chief William Berens?

Chief William Berens was the son of Jacob Berens and Mary (McKay) Berens. William was born in 1866He grew up in the Berens River area and in 1917 he succeeded his father as Chief of the Berens River Band, still encompassing the vast territory of the upper Berens River. In later years he became the friend and colleague of the American Anthropologist, A Irving Hallowell, who took down Berens’ reminiscences of the first forty years of his life and recorded many legends and stories – now published by Drs. Jennifer S.H. Brown and Susan Elaine Gray (Memories, Myths and Dreams of an Ojibwe Leader. McGill Queens University Press 2009). William Berens married Nancy (Everett) Berens of Berens River. They had 7 children and were the adoptive parents of several more. William Berens was Chief of the Berens River Band until he died on August 23rd, 1947.

 

How did the Berens Family Collection come to the Manitoba Museum?

The Berens family Collection came to the museum via a great-great-grandson of Chief William Berens. This young man, another Bill Berens, first contacted the museum in October 2011. Before Christmas of 2011, he brought the two coats, the pants and the two medals to the museum for safekeeping as well as conservation and assessment. As the museum has no acquisitions budget, we turned to the community of Winnipeg and five generous individuals and foundations donated the necessary funds (most wish to remain anonymous). The collection is now on display in a New Acquisitions Case in the foyer of the museum and will be there until May 2013. For the duration of this display we have also borrowed portraits of William Berens and Jacob Berens by Marion Nelson Hooker and we are very grateful to the Winnipeg Art Gallery and the Public Archives of Manitoba for their cooperation in bringing the paintings, the coats and the medals together.

 

Are you sure the coats and medals are real?

The provenance, the history of ownership, for the collection is very convincing. The Treaty signing Sept 20, 1875 is a matter of record and the Berens family has been carefully looking after the coats and the medals ever since. The medals are exactly as you would expect and have the appropriate Treaty number stamped on them. The Manitoba Museum owns a replica of the Treaty No. 1 medal but the Berens medal is the only original medal from any of the numbered Treaties signed in Manitoba in the collection. The medals and coats were cared for by Bill Berens grandmother, Mary Rose Berens, the wife of Bill Berens Jr. the last Berens’ Chief and the last person to wear the red coat for official functions. The red coat is typical of those given at the time; the buttons have a crown, V.R. indicating Queen Victoria and an array of arrows, a bow and a tomahawk and are stamped with the words “DOMINION OF CANADA INDIAN.” The paintings also help to confirm the authenticity of the collection. The portrait of Chief Jacob Berens wearing a blue Chief’s coat and the two medals was painted by Marion Nelson Hooker in Berens River in 1910. Chief William Berens sat for his painting wearing the red jacket, blue pants and both medals, at her studio in Selkirk in 1930.

An additional portrait, now owned by Matilda Gibb another great, great- grandchild of William Berens, was painted of William Berens wearing the red coat, blue pants and both medals in 1922 by another artist, Lars Haukaness, a teacher at the Winnipeg School of Art who went on the found the Art School at the University of Alberta.

The blue coat in this collection is from the early to mid 20th century. We have a photograph of Chief William Berens wearing it just before he passed away (1947). The contents of his pockets includes notes about appointments to see the Indian Agent in Selkirk and serve to remind us that William Berens was an activist on behalf of his people. He succeeded in getting aboriginal fishery quota and licenses so Treaty fishers could sell in their own right rather than working for a middleman. He was one of the most important political figures in the early history of Manitoba and the Chief during one of the most coercive periods of the Department of Indian Affair’s history.

We also have Chief William Berens’ memories of the signing of the Treaty in Berens River, Sept 20th, when he was a child. This vivid bit of history was recorded by the American anthropologist, A. Irving Hallowell who worked with Chief William Berens throughout the 1930s. Chief Berens remembered the excitement as people gathered for the negotiations but said that the Treaty negotiations dragged on and he was asleep when his father finally came home:

“The Treaty was signed about midnight. I don’t know what time my father got back home that night. When I got awake the next morning and got up, I saw some new clothes lung there by my father – a fancy red coat and dark blue pants, socks and boots. There was also a flag and a medal! I heard the people say that my father had been elected chief.” (Berens 2009:44)“Gaa-agwii’iding gii-jakibii’igaade ningoji igo gaa-aabitaa-dibikag. Namanj iidog apii gaa-bi-azhegiiwed nimbaabaa e-dibikag. Apii gaa-goshkoziyaan gigizhebaawagak, ningii-wanishkaa. Ningii-waabandaanan oshki-aya’iiman jiigaya’ii nimbaabaa – dagaki-misko-biizikawaagan zhigwa ozhaawashkozid midaas, azhiganag dago bakobiiwakizinan. Zhigwa miinawaa gikiwe’on, zagaka’on gaye. Ningii-noondam nimbaabaa gii-ogimaakaaniwind.”

Who took all these black and white photos of Chief William Berens?

The photographs of William Berens were taken in the 1930s by the American anthropologist A. Irving Hallowell who was known by Chief William Berens as “Pete”. Hallowell and William Berens worked together for a decade and Hallowell’s photographs of Berens are among the 900 photographs Hallowell took in the course of his fieldwork on the Berens River. They are now housed at the American Philosophical Society where they are a growing part of an online archive meant to make the APS collection more readily available to aboriginal communities. Hallowell valued his friendship with William Berens and said of him that he was “my interpreter, guide, and virtual collaborator,” “whose genial companionship in camp and canoe, in fair weather and foul, never failed to enliven my task.” (Berens 2009:9)

 

Who made the embroidered coat?

The only other artifact with a Berens connection in the museum is a coat made by William Berens wife Nancy (Everett) Berens for the missionary Percy Jones in 1912. (William and Nancy’s son Percy is his namesake). The embroidery style is finer but similar to other coats in the Museum from Norway House and may reflect the aesthetic influence of her grandmother, Mrs. Norman Boucher, a Cree woman from that community.

 

The Berens Family Collection display will be open until May 12, 2013. It is located in the Museum Foyer with free access and at no cost.

Testament to the Past

By Kevin Brownlee, past Curator of Archaeology

 

This past fall I had the fortune to visit the Brockinton Site, located just south of Melita, Manitoba. The site is slowly eroding into the Souris River; each year a little more of the site is lost. We know a good deal about this site thanks to E. Leigh Syms who excavated this site in the late 1960s and early 1970s. While no excavations have occurred for 40 years, Leigh Syms continues to study the collections, revealing new insights.

The largest part of the site is a large bison pound and kill site where about 1200 years ago First Nation people had successfully killed hundreds of bison. When we arrived at the site we encountered tens of thousands of bison bones exposed by the low water, a testament to the ancient peoples who were sustained by the herds of bison that once roamed Manitoba’s grasslands.

A stretch of ground covered in various bison bones.

Thousands of bison bones.

Three individuals on a river bank, one crouched looking at something on the ground, one mid-step, and one standing.

Graham Young standing, Randy Mooi kneeling and Lila Knox walking at the site.

A cut of river bank with embedded bison bones along a thick line near the centre.

Marvellous Molluscs

By Dr. Graham Young, past Curator of Palaeontology & Geology

 

This has been a year rich in exhibit work, and we are finishing off with a bit of a bang. About a week ago we finished installation of our latest Discovery Room exhibit, a collaboration between Zoology and Paleontology entitled The World is Their Oyster: Marvellous Molluscs. As with the other D-Room exhibits we have produced (such as Jaws and Teeth and Colours in Nature), this was a collaborative effort. It was a pleasure to again work with Randy Mooi on selecting suitable specimens and preparing copy, and to collaborate with our superb collections and exhibit staff to produce the finished exhibit.

Photograph taken with a fisheye lens looking into an exhibit case featuring a number of shells and mollusc specimens.

Photo by Hans Thater

Contents of an exhibit case displaying rows of Gastropod specimens.

Gastropods (snails and their relatives) are the most diverse molluscs, so it seemed appropriate that the gastropod case should hold the greatest variety of specimens!

The idea for this exhibit was quite straightforward: to select suitable specimens from our permanent collection, which would depict the wonderful diversity and variability of molluscs. We also wished to give visitors a bit of information about the long fossil record of molluscs, their evolution, and a few “case studies” of particular molluscs or features.

This seemed like a simple sort of thing to do, but of course the view on the ground is never the same as that from 30,000 feet. Most of our issues were associated with the sheer number of mollusc specimens housed in our collections. We knew that there would be many excellent examples to choose from, but we did not appreciate quite how difficult this would be. There were so many to consider that, whenever we chose one beautiful snail for the gastropod case, it seemed there were at least 10 other good ones that could not be included.

Two mollusc soecimens, one of which is round and flatter with a textured surfance, the other is smoother and a more conical shape with dark and light stripes.

Specimens in the mollusc diversity case.

Two squid specimens preserved in a jar through wet preserving.

Northern shortfin squid (Ilex illecebrosus), Atlantic Ocean.

The other issue was that molluscs are just so darned interesting, weird, and complicated in their life stories, dietary habits, and evolution. We kept discovering unusual things that we had not been aware of (or at least, I did; I suspect that Randy already knew some of these things). As a result, more and more new ideas came forward, and it was very hard to decide what we could include in the modest panel copy that accompanies the specimens. We were grateful that Stephanie Whitehouse, the designer, was so clear in telling us exactly how much space we had!

As issues and problems go, these were obviously good ones to have. And as these photos show, we were able to share a great variety of beautiful and appealing mollusc material. You will just have to imagine what the cases might have looked like if we had been able to include every single specimen we considered worthy of exhibit!

Contents of an exhibit case displaying rows of cephalopod specimens.

The cephalopod case.

A display case with six abalones specimens. The back two, an opalescent one and an orange one, are both very large.

A variety of abalones.

Close up of several specimens in a display case including a white Busycon specimen to the centre left.

One of our primary objectives was to exhibit modern and fossil examples of closely related creatures. This photo shows a fossil lightning whelk (Busycon sp.) from Pliocene deposits in South Carolina (about 2.6-5 million years old) beside one of its modern relatives.

View through a circular magnifier focused on a fossil specimen in a section of rock.

The view through a magnifier shows the fossil Conocardium from Ordovician rocks at Garson, Manitoba (a member of the extinct class Rostroconchia; about 450 million years old).

Close-up on a King's crown conch shell with orange and white stripes, and spikes around it at either end.

King’s crown conch (Melongena corona), Atlantic Ocean.

Close-up on a vaguely circular shell with punctures and gashes in the exterior shell.

This fossil scallop Chesapecten jeffersonius, from Pliocene deposits in Virginia (about 5 million years old) is pierced by borings, and has been encrusted by corals and barnacles.

Nine smooth, cone-shaped shells of varying colours.

An array of beautiful cone shells (Conus species).

Twenty small pellet-shaped shells laid out in two concentric circles.

Baetic dwarf olive (Olivella baetica), Pacific Ocean.

Beaded Metis Buffalo Hunter’s Saddle

By Maureen Matthews, past Curator of Anthropology

 

Mr. Rick Cuthbertson recently donated to The Manitoba Museum a beaded Métis pad saddle. His maternal grandfather, Constable Joseph Alexander Blackburn, bought the saddle when he was in what is now Saskatchewan at the time of the Riel Rebellion. He was stationed at Maple Creek and Medicine Hat from May of 1885 to April 1890 and was among the officers who formed the guard for the Riel trial.

The saddle is typical of those used by members of the Métis buffalo brigades and illustrated in the paintings of Paul Kane. The beading is the work of an expert artist. The beads are small and sewn with very fine sinew rather than linen or cotton thread and although it impossible to say for sure, it was probably made in the early 1800s.

A black and white photo of an individual on horseback in front of a wooded area.

Photo courtesy of Rick Cuthbertson family. Used with permission.

A leather padded saddle with beaded floral detailing on the four corners and clasps at either end of the centre.

H4-2-199. The Manitoba Museum. Photo M. Matthews.

The Mineral Exhibit 2: Installation

By Dr. Graham Young, Curator Emeritus of Geology and Paleontology

 

The past week we have been very busy installing our temporary exhibit on molluscs (The World is Their Oyster: Marvellous Molluscs), which will open in a few days. While thinking about this exhibit process, I remembered that there are some splendid photos of the installation of our mineral exhibit, courtesy of our designer, Stephanie Whitehouse. So as a follow-up to the post about that exhibit a few months back, here are a few images of the complicated process of assembling specimens and cases!

Four individuals stand to the side holding up a large pane of glass in front of an open exhibit case. Another individual reaches into the case, doing final installation touches.

With the front glass ready to install, Bert Valentin does some final work inside the big case.

Close-up on a person wearing a white lab coat and light blue rubber gloves gingerly adjusts a specimen in an open exhibit case.

Janis Klapecki aligns one of the pyrite specimens from the Snow Lake area.

Six individuals group around a loading hoist that is lifting a steel platform with a large wrapped rock on it.

The amethyst, with a weight of about one-half tonne, was somewhat problematic to install! Using the loading dock hoist, it had been placed on a purpose-built steel platform. Now, Marc Hebert and Bob Peacock make sure it stays straight, while Bert Valentin cranks the modified engine hoist that will lift it to case level. The rest of us serve as ballast on the hoist.

Seven people grouped around a hoist lifting a steel platform with a large wrapped rock on it. A case base has been moved under the lifted piece.

The raised amethyst is gently lowered into place in the case. VERY gently.

Two individuals stand next to a large amethyst in a case. One is holding a hand-held vacuum, cleaning the amethyst, as the other holds up a work light.

I vacuum the amethyst before the case is moved into place. Hans Thater holds a light so that every bit of lint can be seen.

Three individuals work together to move a display case containing a large amethyst into place in the Earth History Gallery.

Marc and Bert connect the lighting power, while Bob waits to roll the amethyst case into final position.

The Cold Road

By Dr. Graham Young, past Curator of Palaeontology & Geology

 

It is 7 am, somewhere on the curves near Woodlands, Manitoba, and the sky is still completely dark. The rain is coming down harder now and approaching headlights are blurred by the slicked windshield. I usually love the open road, but this driving is far from fun.

We are well past Lundar before the late dawn. The traffic has diminished now and the rain has eased a bit, but the wind is rising. At the Ashern Petro-Can we stop for fuel: unleaded for the Jeep and junk food for the humans. Ed takes over the wheel for the next monotonous stretch.

Today we plan to go to William Lake, well north of Grand Rapids, then back to Winnipeg before the evening has progressed too far: a drive of 1000 kilometres or so. Why are we subjecting ourselves to this, in this unpleasant wet weather?

A photo from inside of a vehicle of a passing greyhound bus on the other side of a wet road, rain splashing under its tires.

Trees on the road side, some bare and some with remnants of autumn colours. The sky is grey and the road wet with rain.

Tamaracks and spruce south of Grand Rapids.

Two large slabs of rock on rocky ground. Both contain fossils.

Last summer, in the beautiful warmth of August, we found a greater quantity of interesting rock than we could safely haul back to Winnipeg at the time. In particular, two splendid specimens we discovered on the last day had to be left lying on the outcrop. These were very large slabs, both of which remarkably preserve portions of what appears to be a channel on an ancient tidal flat, filled with fossilized jellyfish! They are the sorts of unusual pieces that the Museum really needs, because they would be very useful for both exhibits and research, and I was determined that we would get them back to Winnipeg before winter.

Then the autumn got busy, very busy, and the trip to retrieve these pieces was placed on the back burner. I began anxiously scanning the calendar and weather forecasts, and determined that October 18th would be the ideal day to make this trip, assuming that it didn’t snow first! Field paleontology is very much a climate-dependent occupation, and we have done this trip north so many times that we know when winter is likely to close our window of opportunity.

Image: The slabs as they appeared when we found them last summer. Both show portions of a large channel that is filled with fossil jellyfish.

A forward stretching smooth road, slick with rain. Construction markers stand periodically on the road shoulder. Further ahead, on the right side of the road, is a large, yellow excavator.

So now Ed and I are in a rented Jeep, heading north past the black spruce,  yellow tamaracks and bare-branched aspen. At Fairford there is a tremendous flow of water past the bridge, and the summer’s pelicans are nowhere to be seen. Over the lip of the St. Martin impact crater the road is empty and desolate. Much of it has been repaved recently and is beautifully smooth, but toward the Pas Moraine we hit a rutted stretch and Ed has to slow down to avoid hydroplaning on the long pond under our right-hand tires.

At the old burn south of Grand Rapids, I recall the exact place where we saw a lynx last autumn.  All self-respecting lynxes are clearly hiding out in the dense brush on this nasty wet day!

We stop again at Grand Rapids for fuel. There is more than a half-tank remaining, but it will be a long drive before we are back here again and it is best not to take chances. Fortunately there is someone on duty at the Pelican Landing gas station, because it really wouldn’t be pleasant to “self serve” in the pouring rain.

I am driving now, up the curves and past the beautiful lakes of the Grand Rapids Uplands. We arrive at William Lake just a bit after noon. Now there is snow blasting in on a north wind, and the thermometer is reading a balmy +1 C.   Navigating slowly across the scree, I can see the two large slabs lying right where we left them. After six hours of driving, we now have 15 minutes of physical work: fold down the seat, spread the tarp, slip on gloves, and manhandle the rock into the back. We pause for a few photos, and are grateful that the outdoor work is so brief, because our hands are already frozen and numb.

Dr Graham Young, wearing a blue jacket and a baseball cap stands at the open trunk of a car holding a large stone slab with a fossil embedded in it.

I move the smaller slab (photo by Ed Dobrzanski)…

A man wearing a coat and hood, with one hand in his pocket and the other holding a camera, stands on a rocky wet surface next to the open trunk of an SUV.

… while Ed freezes his fingers taking photos.

Two large slabs of rock lying on tarps in the back of a vehicle.

Seeing these slabs in the Jeep, it is pretty clear why we couldn’t fit them in with the other fossils and gear during the summer!

Our hands thaw as the Jeep crawls back toward the highway. At the Grand Rapids bridge a solitary pelican flies past; perhaps this one was asleep and missed its flight south? Now we a bit of time for lunch at the Pelican Landing restaurant: smoked meat sandwiches, cream of celery soup, and coffee have never been more welcome. We say hello to a few familiar faces; I guess we are becoming “fixtures” here, but I am not sure when we will manage to get back again. It is an appropriate day for this sort of sombre thought.

Bright orange trees growing on the roadside on a rainy day.

Light snow on the ground and fallen branches of some trees.

Now it is time to confront the long road home. As it turns out, the weather for the drive back will be slightly more pleasant, and we cruise smoothly into Winnipeg just as darkness is setting in. It has been a lot of driving to pick up a couple of rocks, but very worthwhile: within a week it will be winter in the Uplands, and if the pieces had been left until spring they would have been heavily weathered and damaged by the winter’s extreme frost and ice.

The Mineral Exhibit

By Dr. Graham Young, past Curator of Palaeontology & Geology

 

If you visit this page occasionally and have been wondering about when the next blog post would be forthcoming, well, I had been wondering that too. I have begun new posts several times, but in each instance my focus has been pulled away by the same all-consuming activity: my time has been taken up by the completion of a mineral exhibit. This past week, we finally did the installation, so I thought I had might as well set those posts-in-progress aside yet again. Here, instead, are some photos of the exhibit.

A dramatically lit display case with multiple levels showing off various mineral specimens.

Two individuals wearing white lab coats place specimen mounts in an open display case.

Collections specialist Janis Klapecki and designer Stephanie Whitehouse work on the final location of one of the plexiglas specimen mounts.

At the Museum we had long recognized that a mineral exhibit was one of the features most lacking in the Earth History Gallery. Minerals are the basic building blocks of rocks and other geological materials, we have a great diversity of minerals in this province’s rocks, and of course minerals are often beautiful objects that are treasured by many collectors.

For the past several years we have been collaborating with the Mineral Society of Manitoba to acquire specimens suitable for exhibit, and The Manitoba Museum Foundation and the Canadian Geological Foundation had kindly provided us with funding to construct cases. This exhibit is at the front end of the Earth History Gallery, where we only had space for a couple of cases, and the number of specimens and volume of text were quite limited, so this should have been a simple little exhibit project, no?

A large pinkish amethyst in a display case.

The giant amethyst now has its own gallery case (in the next post I will tell you how we got it there!).

A selection of placed or mounted mineral specimens against white backgrounds in a display case.

Beryls from eastern Manitoba (top), along with pyrites, feldspars, and base metal ores.

No. Things are never simple when you have to develop an exhibit from scratch. And in this particular instance our design and exhibit staff were working to develop techniques that we had not tried before.  We had examined mineral exhibits in many other places (both in-person and through photographs) and had decided that we needed dark cases with the light really focused on the specimens.

 

Image: The mid part of the case features a variety of minerals, including a Tanco rubellite (donated by Cabot Corporation) and samples of beautiful Michigan copper (the tree-like specimen was acquired and donated by the Mineral Society of Manitoba, John Biczok, and Tony Smith).

Stephanie Whitehouse, our designer, wanted to try working more with metal and glass on this case, and she asked the workshop to look at ways plexiglas could be prepared to allow it to glow. Bert Valentin considered new lighting options (though he eventually settled on fibre optics similar to those in the Ancient Seas cases) and Marc Hébert had to develop new techniques to build cases using different construction materials. Lisa May and Wayne Switek constructed specimen mounts that look simple but had to hold the specimens just so. And once all the pieces were constructed, it still took the team most of last week to assemble them and make everything fit. Dealing with the giant amethyst (now informally rechristened The Mammothist) was a big piece of this process, so big that I will give it its own post in the near future!

A millerite specimen - a moss like mineral of a dark colour.

This splendid millerite is from Thompson, source of some of the best examples of this unusual nickel mineral. It was acquired for the exhibit by the Mineral Society of Manitoba and The Manitoba Museum Foundation. (catalogue number M-3596)

A view of the entrance way into the Earth History Gallery, with a exhibit of the layers of the earth along the left side wall, and a dramatically lit new display case at the far end showing a selection of mineral specimens.

If you visit the Gallery you will still see the old exhibits between the mineral cases and Ancient Seas, but the space is starting to develop quite a different feel.

Close-up on the gallery name Earth History Gallery on the wall at the entrance to the gallery.

For the first time ever, the Earth History Gallery has a title!

Birch Bark Canoe Video

By Kevin Brownlee, past Curator of Archaeology

 

For those of you who have enjoyed my blogs on the creation of the Birch Bark Canoe you will be interested in seeing the video of how it was made. During the intensive 7 days we spent making the canoe Lakeland Public Television documented the construction of the birch bark canoe step by step. Scott Knudson filmed much of the activity and interviewed each of us about the canoe and what it meant to each of us. Scott was one of the producers and edited together a 57:03 minute documentary. The filming was funded under the Minnesota Arts and Culutral Heritage Fund.

You may also be interested in the full un cut interview with Grant Goltz which has also been uploaded to YouTube, above. The interview with Grant Goltz was filmed for audio and video clips used in the full hour documentary (Search Grant Goltz).

Replicating rex

By Dr. Graham Young, past Curator of Palaeontology & Geology

 

The Manitoba Museum is home to many unusual and unique specimens. Among the most remarkable is the world’s largest complete trilobite, the holotype specimen of the species Isotelus rex. Over the years we have occasionally received requests from other museums for replicas of this striking fossil.

More than a decade ago, before the specimen ever went on exhibit, we had a mould prepared by an outside contractor who also made a number of resin replicas. These were on the shelf and ready to be painted if an order arrived. But eventually those replicas ran out, and when a new order came in from a museum in Japan last year, it was discovered that the original mould was too old and worn to be used again. A new mould was needed, which meant that we would have to remove the specimen from its exhibit in the Earth History Gallery.

A large oblong fossil specimen of a trilobite.

The holotype of Isotelus rex, MM I-2950

A display case containing  a large fossil trilobite specimen along with a fossilized trackway.

The I. rex type specimen, on exhibit with a trackway and other trilobite material.

So we pulled out the case, carefully slid out the fossil (this is tricky, because it weighs about as much as I do!), and wheeled it away to the artists’ studio to be worked on by Debbie Thompson and Betsy Thorsteinson. While the specimen was “on leave” from the exhibit, it was temporarily replaced by one of the existing replicas.

The following photos are Betsy’s documentation of the complex and fascinating replication process. Our artists are tremendously skilled, as indicated by the high quality of work in so many of our galleries, and by the attention to detail in the preparation of these perfect trilobite replicas.

A fossil specimen on a work table encased in latex and cheesecloth.

First, the fossil specimen was coated with layers of latex to precisely replicate its surface. This was strengthened with cheesecloth.

A fossil specimen on a work table encased in a white plaster jacket with two piece of wood bracing the top portion.

A plaster jacket was built up over the latex, and braced with wood.

The formed mould placed upside down on a work table as an individua; wearing a white lab coat, blue gloves, a respirator, and safety glasses uses a paint brush to apply a coat of mould separator on the interior.

Once this had dried, the mould was pulled from the fossil. Debbie painted a layer of mould separator onto the latex prior to casting.

An individual wearing a white jumpsuit, blue gloves, a respirator, and safety glasses leaning over holding a drill with a mixing bit into a basin of polyester resin.

Polyester resin had to be mixed very quickly, as it begins to set within minutes!

An individual wearing a white jumpsuit, blue gloves, a respirator, and safety glasses applies resin with a paint brush on the inside of the large mould.

The resin was applied to the mould.

Fibreglass layered along the interior base of the mould.

Fibreglass was layered in to strengthen the cast.

Lightweight foam filling the form of an upside-down mould. The open end of an air ventilator hangs above the mould.

As a solid resin cast would be extremely heavy, the interior was filled with lightweight foam.

A flat coat of resin on the top of the trimmed foam within the mould. The open nozzle of an air vent hangs above on the left side.

After the foam had been trimmed down, a resin coat was applied to the back of the replica.

Two individuals, both wearing black t-shirts and blue jeans, stand either side of a work table peeling a flexible latex layer off of a replica fossil trilobite specimen.

Bob Peacock and Marc Hébert peeled the latex from the replica.

An individual wearing a white smock paints a beige base coat on a large model trilobite specimen. Further back on the work table is the original trilobite specimen.

Debbie applied the first coats of paint to the replica. Note that the original specimen was nearby for reference.

An individual leans over a work table, painting a large model trilobite specimen. On their right side is the original trilobite specimen and they use their right hand to cup the portion they're replicating on the left.

Painting of the replica was almost finished. As Debbie says, “The detail work takes a lot out of you. I cup it like this to keep my spot while painting.”

An individual traces a large fossil trilobite replica onto brown paper placed beneath it.

Debbie traced the finished replica onto brown paper, so that a precisely fitted crate could be prepared.

The replica carefully encased in a packing crate.

The crated replica, ready to be shipped to Japan!

Step 5 Birch Bark Canoe

By Kevin Brownlee, past Curator of Archaeology

 

On day 7 Myra and I awoke to another beautiful day. We decided that we would complete all the sewing, attaching the gunwale caps and final trimming but would not pitch the canoe. Grant had offered to complete this last stage after we returned to Winnipeg.

We all marvelled at the beauty of the canoe now that it has the final shape. It is amazing that in one week we could turn bark and wood into such an amazing watercraft. Clearly there is nothing “Printive” about a birch bark canoe. Grant spoke about how when Europeans arrived to North America they came from a long tradition of boat building. However Europeans found them unsuitable to the navigate the waterways of the boreal forest and quickly adopted the birch bark canoe.

A birch bark canoe on sawhorses under an open sided tent. Three individuals stand at the ends of the canoe.

Unpitched canoe 15 feet long.

Three smiling individuals posing around a birch bark canoe supported on sawhorses under an open-sided tent.

Kevin, Grant, and Myra by the our canoe.

Later that Fall on a vacation from the office I took the canoe into northern Manitoba for the inaugural launch into the clear waters of the Canadian Shield. Paddling on the lake I realized this is probably the first time in over a hundred years that anyone has paddled a birch bark canoe in the area. What an amazing gift from relatives from the south.

A birch bark canoe partially banked at the side of a body of water.

Canoe pulled up on shore.

The view over the bow of a canoe on a body of water. To the right is a rocky and treed bank.

First Paddle.